Neurologist

A neurologist is a medical specialist who deals with conditions of the nervous system. These include problems affecting the brain and nerves in the body.

The neurologist deals with conditions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system consists of the brain, cranial nerves and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes the nerves found in the limbs and torso.

Problems dealt with by a neurologist include loss of strength or sensation, brain and nerve diseases, headaches and epilepsy. Common conditions include Parkinson's disease and carpal tunnel syndrome (a condition affecting the hand).

Visiting the neurologist

During a visit, you will be asked about your symptoms. This is followed by a physical examination with various tests to identify abnormalities in the nervous system.

A well-known neurological test is the knee-jerk reflex. The tendon below the knee is tapped with a small hammer to trigger a reflex. Normally, the knee extends. If there is a problem with the nerves involved in the reflex, extension does not occur. This tells the neurologist that something is wrong.

Further tests may be carried out if necessary. These are performed in another department of the hospital or clinic, usually by separate appointment. Examples of further neurological investigations include an EMG, MRI scan or CT scan.

Treatment

The neurologist then starts treatment or refers you to another healthcare provider. This may be another doctor, such as an orthopaedic specialist or neurosurgeon, if a herniated disc or carpal tunnel syndrome needs surgery.

A speech pathologist can help with speech or swallowing problems, while a physiotherapist may help with rehabilitation after a spinal cord injury, stroke or Parkinson's disease. Medication may sometimes be needed as part of treatment.