Arm bursitis

A bursitis in the arm is a reaction of a bursa to damage. The bursa is a small sac filled with joint fluid, located between tendons and bone. Its function is to prevent damage from friction. The damage that nevertheless occurs is the result of trauma, overuse or bacterial infection.

There are several bursae in the arm. The bursa of the shoulder and the bursa of the elbow are the most commonly affected.

In inflammation the bursa fills and causes local redness, warmth, swelling and tenderness. The inflammatory reaction itself is a process consisting of several consecutive events, in which the first phase aims to prevent further damage and to clear the damaging cells.

How does a bursitis of the arm arise?

A bursitis of the arm can occur suddenly or gradually. In many cases overuse is the cause. A bursitis of the arm is also often seen in students. This is then the result of leaning on the elbows too much or too long. In everyday language, such a bursitis is often referred to as student's elbow. Another possible cause is trauma, think of a blow or fall on the arm.

Sports in which the arm is used a lot, such as fitness, softball or water polo, are activities in which a bursitis of the arm occurs relatively often.

What are the symptoms of a bursitis in the arm?

Swelling, warmth and redness as well as limited movement of the elbow are the most common symptoms. Pain is also a frequently mentioned symptom. This is generally sharp. Leaning on the elbow will be virtually impossible due to the pain.

How is the diagnosis made?

In most cases a consultation and physical examination by the GP or physiotherapist are sufficient to diagnose bursitis. Additional tests, for example ultrasound imaging or MRI scan, can help to further map out the severity and possible cause, but are usually not necessary.

If a bacterial infection is suspected, the specialist can choose to take a sample of the fluid with a syringe and have the sample examined.

Treatment of a bursitis of the arm

The treatment plan for a bursitis of the arm is often twofold:

1. The (acute) inflammatory symptoms will be reduced where possible with rest and, if necessary, anti-inflammatories.
2. Another important intervention is exercise therapy.

As soon as the elbow is loadable again, the physiotherapist can prescribe exercises to improve mobility and strengthen the surrounding muscles. Other interventions that can be applied include massage, stretching and joint mobilisations.