Broken ankle

A broken ankle is a completely or partially broken bone on one or both sides of the ankle. Features of a broken ankle include pain, swelling and being unable to walk on the affected leg.

A broken ankle is also called an ankle fracture by medical professionals.

How does a broken ankle occur?

Almost always a fall or accident is the cause of an ankle fracture. In a unilateral fracture it is usually the fibula that breaks, although the tibia can also break.

People who play contact sports such as football or rugby have an increased risk of an ankle fracture. People with a history of bone loss (osteoporosis) also have an increased risk of fractures because of weakened bones.

Symptoms of a broken ankle

The moment of the break during the fall or accident is usually felt or even heard. Severe (pressure) pain at the site of the broken bone and pain when moving the ankle occur almost immediately. The ankle may swell and turn blue. One of the features of a broken ankle is the inability to stand on and walk on the affected leg.

How is the diagnosis of a broken ankle made?

Based on the patient's story and physical examination, it will quickly become clear that the complaint concerns a broken ankle. The 'Ottawa Ankle Rules' are almost always used when an ankle fracture is suspected. These are specific questions and tests to distinguish an ankle sprain (sprained ankle) from an ankle fracture.

When an ankle fracture is suspected, an X-ray is taken. The fracture line is usually clearly visible and an estimate of the severity can be made.

Classification of ankle fractures
The type of ankle fracture can be classified by location according to the Weber classification. To determine the severity of the fracture, associated injuries are also considered. For example, are there bone fragments protruding through the skin (open fracture), is there a dislocation of the fracture (dislocation) or are there multiple fractures (comminution).

In an ankle fracture with multiple fractures it is determined whether the bone fragments are still aligned. In a stable fracture, where the bones are aligned, treatment often consists of a cast and rest. In an unstable fracture, where the bones are not aligned, the fracture is likely to heal poorly. Surgery is then necessary.

Treatment of a broken ankle

Treatment of a broken ankle depends entirely on the type and severity of the fracture. In a stable fracture, with a high chance of natural healing, the broken parts are usually allowed to grow back together with the help of a cast and rest. In an unstable fracture the broken bone is fixed during an operation with fixation material. Examples include metal plates, screws, wires or pins that ensure the bone fragments grow back in a good position.

A physiotherapist is closely involved in recovery, both in stable and unstable fractures. It is very important to rebuild mobility, muscle strength and load capacity during recovery. Possible treatment forms used by the physiotherapist are mobilisation techniques, massage, medical taping and exercise therapy.

Find a physiotherapist to help you recover from a broken ankle.